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Four quality inspection aspects of elbow welding
Time of issue : 2019-03-18 20:07:00
visualinspection:generallybasedonthenakedeyeobservation,sometimeswitha5-20timesmagnifyingglassforobservation.Throughvisualinspection,surfacedefectsofweldelbowwelds,suchasundercuts,welds,surfacecracks,pores,slaginclusionsandweldpenetration,canbefound.Thedimensionsoftheweldcanalsobemeasuredusingawelddetectorortemplate. 2.Non-destructivetesting:Inspectionofdefectssuchasslaginclusions,poresandcrackshiddeninsidetheweld.Atpresent,themostcommonuseisX-rayinspection,aswellasultrasonicflawdetectionandmagneticflawdetection.TheX-rayinspectionusesX-raystotakepicturesoftheweld,andjudgeswhethertherearedefects,thenumberandtypeofdefectsintheinteriorbasedontheimageofthefilm.Accordingtothetechnicalrequirementsoftheproduct,theweldisqualified.Thebasicprincipleofultrasonicflawdetectionisshowninthefigurebelow.Theultrasonicbeamisdetectedbythehairandtransmittedtothemetal.Whentheultrasonicbeamistransmittedtotheinterfacebetweenthemetalandtheair,itisrefractedandpassedthroughtheweld.Ifthereisadefectintheweld,theultrasonicbeamisreflectedtotheprobeandaccepted,andareflectedwaveappearsonthescreen.Basedonthecomparisonanddiscriminationofthesereflectedwaveswithnormalwaves,thesizeandpositionofthedefectscanbedetermined.UltrasonicflawdetectionismuchsimplerthanX-rayphotographyandisthereforewidelyused.However,ultrasonicflawdetectionoftenonlymakesjudgmentsbasedonoperationalexperience,anditcannotleaveatestbasis.Forinternaldefectsthatarenotdeepfromthesurfaceoftheweldandextremelysmallcracksonthesurface,magneticflawdetectioncanalsobeused. 3.Hydrostatictestandairpressuretest:Forpressurizedcontainersrequiringsealing,hydrostatictestand/orairpressuretestshallbecarriedouttocheckthesealingandpressurebearingcapacityoftheweld.Themethodistoinject1.25-1.5timesworkingwateroraworkingpressure(mostlyair)intothecontainerforacertainperiodoftime,andthenobservethepressuredropinthecontainer,andobservewhetherthereisleakageoutside.Accordingtothese,itcanbeassessedwhethertheweldisqualified. 4,themechanicalperformancetestoftheelbow:non-destructivetestingcanfindtheinherentdefectsoftheweld,butcannotexplainthemechanicalpropertiesofthemetalintheheataffectedzoneoftheweld,sosometimestheweldedjointshouldbesubjectedtotensile,impact,bendingandothertests.Thesetestswereperformedbythetestpanels.Thetestpanelsusedarepreferablyweldedtogetherwiththelongitudinaljointsofthecylindertoensureconsistentconstructionconditions.Thetestpanelswerethentestedformechanicalproperties.Inactualproduction,onlytheweldedjointsofthenewsteelgradesaregenerallytestedinthisrespect.
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visualinspection:generallybasedonthenakedeyeobservation,sometimeswitha5-20timesmagnifyingglassforobservation.Throughvisualinspection,surfacedefectsofweldelbowwelds,suchasundercuts,welds,surfacecracks,pores,slaginclusionsandweldpenetration,canbefound.Thedimensionsoftheweldcanalsobemeasuredusingawelddetectorortemplate. 2.Non-destructivetesting:Inspectionofdefectssuchasslaginclusions,poresandcrackshiddeninsidetheweld.Atpresent,themostcommonuseisX-rayinspection,aswellasultrasonicflawdetectionandmagneticflawdetection.TheX-rayinspectionusesX-raystotakepicturesoftheweld,andjudgeswhethertherearedefects,thenumberandtypeofdefectsintheinteriorbasedontheimageofthefilm.Accordingtothetechnicalrequirementsoftheproduct,theweldisqualified.Thebasicprincipleofultrasonicflawdetectionisshowninthefigurebelow.Theultrasonicbeamisdetectedbythehairandtransmittedtothemetal.Whentheultrasonicbeamistransmittedtotheinterfacebetweenthemetalandtheair,itisrefractedandpassedthroughtheweld.Ifthereisadefectintheweld,theultrasonicbeamisreflectedtotheprobeandaccepted,andareflectedwaveappearsonthescreen.Basedonthecomparisonanddiscriminationofthesereflectedwaveswithnormalwaves,thesizeandpositionofthedefectscanbedetermined.UltrasonicflawdetectionismuchsimplerthanX-rayphotographyandisthereforewidelyused.However,ultrasonicflawdetectionoftenonlymakesjudgmentsbasedonoperationalexperience,anditcannotleaveatestbasis.Forinternaldefectsthatarenotdeepfromthesurfaceoftheweldandextremelysmallcracksonthesurface,magneticflawdetectioncanalsobeused. 3.Hydrostatictestandairpressuretest:Forpressurizedcontainersrequiringsealing,hydrostatictestand/orairpressuretestshallbecarriedouttocheckthesealingandpressurebearingcapacityoftheweld.Themethodistoinject1.25-1.5timesworkingwateroraworkingpressure(mostlyair)intothecontainerforacertainperiodoftime,andthenobservethepressuredropinthecontainer,andobservewhetherthereisleakageoutside.Accordingtothese,itcanbeassessedwhethertheweldisqualified. 4,themechanicalperformancetestoftheelbow:non-destructivetestingcanfindtheinherentdefectsoftheweld,butcannotexplainthemechanicalpropertiesofthemetalintheheataffectedzoneoftheweld,sosometimestheweldedjointshouldbesubjectedtotensile,impact,bendingandothertests.Thesetestswereperformedbythetestpanels.Thetestpanelsusedarepreferablyweldedtogetherwiththelongitudinaljointsofthecylindertoensureconsistentconstructionconditions.Thetestpanelswerethentestedformechanicalproperties.Inactualproduction,onlytheweldedjointsofthenewsteelgradesaregenerallytestedinthisrespect.
Forging process of butt flange
Time of issue : 2019-03-18 20:07:00
Whatisabuttweldflange?Buttweldingflangesincludelongneckbuttweldflanges,flangeswithneckbuttwelds,neckweldflanges,etc.Itismainlysuitableforthebuttweldingofflangesandpipes.ItsstructureisreasonableanditsstrengthisIthashighrigidity,canwithstandhightemperature,highpressureandrepeatedbendingandtemperaturefluctuation;anditssealingperformanceisreliable.Thebuttweldingflangewithnominalpressureof0.25~2.5MPaadoptsconcaveandconvexsealingsurface. Ingeneral,abuttweldflangeisaflangewithaneckthathasatransitionofaroundtubeandisbuttweldedtothetube.Buttweldingflangeisoneoftheflangedpipefittings.Itiswidelyusedandpopularizedindifferentfieldsandindustries.Ithasdifferentscopesforuseinuse,andtheenvironmenttobeusedisdifferent.Itneedstobeusedaccordingtocertainconditions.. Theweldedflangeissuitableforsteelpipeconnectionswithanominalpressurenotexceeding2.5MPa.Itplaysanimportantroleandvalueinthelinkofthepipe,butthenominalpressuremustbeguaranteedtobewithinacertainrange.Thesealingsurfaceoftheweldingflangecanbemadeintothreetypes:smooth,concave-convexandgrooved.Thesmooth-typebutt-weldingflangeisthemostwidelyused,especiallywhenthemediumconditionismoderate,suchaslow-pressurenon-purifiedcompressedair.Lowpressurecirculatingwater,itsadvantageisthatthepriceisrelativelycheap.Buttweldflangesaresuitableforpipelineswithhighpressureortemperaturefluctuationsorforhightemperature,highpressureandlowtemperaturepipelines,aswellasforpipelinesthatareexpensive,flammableandexplosive. Atpresent,theweldingflangehasawiderangeofuseandpromotioninthepipefittings,becausethescopeofapplicationandtheenvironmentofusearedifferent,therefore,itisnecessarytouseaccordingtothecorrespondingmethodsandmethods. Theforgingprocessofthebuttflangeisgenerallycomposedofthefollowingsteps,namely,selectionofexcellentbilletblanking,heating,forming,andpost-forgingcooling.Forgingprocessesincludefreeforging,dieforgingandfilmforging.Atthetimeofproduction,accordingtothesizeoftheforgings,thenumberofproductionbatchesischosendifferently. Buttweldingflangesareoftenusedinenvironmentswheremediumconditionsaremoderate,suchaslowpressurenon-purifiedcompressedairandlowpressurecirculatingwater.Itsadvantageisthatthepricecomparisonischeap.Thesealingsurfaceoftheweldingflangecanbedividedintothreetypes:smooth,concaveandconvexandgrooved.Theapplicationofsmoothbuttweldflangesisverywide,andtheothertwotypesofbuttweldflangesarealsomoreinuse.Theweldedflangehasareasonablestructure,highstrengthandrigidity,andcanwithstandvariousharshenvironmentssuchashightemperatureandhighpressure,repeatedbendingandtemperaturefluctuation,anddoesnotdegradethesealingperformance.
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Whatisabuttweldflange?Buttweldingflangesincludelongneckbuttweldflanges,flangeswithneckbuttwelds,neckweldflanges,etc.Itismainlysuitableforthebuttweldingofflangesandpipes.ItsstructureisreasonableanditsstrengthisIthashighrigidity,canwithstandhightemperature,highpressureandrepeatedbendingandtemperaturefluctuation;anditssealingperformanceisreliable.Thebuttweldingflangewithnominalpressureof0.25~2.5MPaadoptsconcaveandconvexsealingsurface. Ingeneral,abuttweldflangeisaflangewithaneckthathasatransitionofaroundtubeandisbuttweldedtothetube.Buttweldingflangeisoneoftheflangedpipefittings.Itiswidelyusedandpopularizedindifferentfieldsandindustries.Ithasdifferentscopesforuseinuse,andtheenvironmenttobeusedisdifferent.Itneedstobeusedaccordingtocertainconditions.. Theweldedflangeissuitableforsteelpipeconnectionswithanominalpressurenotexceeding2.5MPa.Itplaysanimportantroleandvalueinthelinkofthepipe,butthenominalpressuremustbeguaranteedtobewithinacertainrange.Thesealingsurfaceoftheweldingflangecanbemadeintothreetypes:smooth,concave-convexandgrooved.Thesmooth-typebutt-weldingflangeisthemostwidelyused,especiallywhenthemediumconditionismoderate,suchaslow-pressurenon-purifiedcompressedair.Lowpressurecirculatingwater,itsadvantageisthatthepriceisrelativelycheap.Buttweldflangesaresuitableforpipelineswithhighpressureortemperaturefluctuationsorforhightemperature,highpressureandlowtemperaturepipelines,aswellasforpipelinesthatareexpensive,flammableandexplosive. Atpresent,theweldingflangehasawiderangeofuseandpromotioninthepipefittings,becausethescopeofapplicationandtheenvironmentofusearedifferent,therefore,itisnecessarytouseaccordingtothecorrespondingmethodsandmethods. Theforgingprocessofthebuttflangeisgenerallycomposedofthefollowingsteps,namely,selectionofexcellentbilletblanking,heating,forming,andpost-forgingcooling.Forgingprocessesincludefreeforging,dieforgingandfilmforging.Atthetimeofproduction,accordingtothesizeoftheforgings,thenumberofproductionbatchesischosendifferently. Buttweldingflangesareoftenusedinenvironmentswheremediumconditionsaremoderate,suchaslowpressurenon-purifiedcompressedairandlowpressurecirculatingwater.Itsadvantageisthatthepricecomparisonischeap.Thesealingsurfaceoftheweldingflangecanbedividedintothreetypes:smooth,concaveandconvexandgrooved.Theapplicationofsmoothbuttweldflangesisverywide,andtheothertwotypesofbuttweldflangesarealsomoreinuse.Theweldedflangehasareasonablestructure,highstrengthandrigidity,andcanwithstandvariousharshenvironmentssuchashightemperatureandhighpressure,repeatedbendingandtemperaturefluctuation,anddoesnotdegradethesealingperformance.
Advantages of using large flanges
Time of issue : 2019-03-18 20:07:00
Largeflangeshavedifferentusevalues​​intheprocessofuse,withdifferenttypesofproductionefficiencyanduse.Differentflangematerialshavedifferentproductionandprocessingprocesses.Therefore,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheuseandprocessingoflargeflanges.Theyshouldbeusedaccordingtocertainproceduresandmethods. Largeflangescommonlyfoundinlargeflangesareflatweldedlargeflangesandbuttweldedlargeflanges.Flatweldinglargeflangeshavepoorrigidity,andtheapplicablerangeistheoccasionofpressurep≤4MPa;buttweldinglargeflanges,alsoknownashigh-necklargeflanges,arerelativelyrigidandsuitableforoccasionswithhighpressureandtemperature.Therearethreetypesoflargeflangesealingsurfaces:flatsealingsurface,suitableforoccasionswherepressureisnothighandmediumisnon-toxic;concaveandconvexsealingsurfaceissuitableforoccasionswithhigherpressure;groovesealingsurfaceissuitableforflammableandeasyExplosive,toxicmediaandhighpressureoccasions.Large-scaleflangedpipefittingsofdifferentpropertieshavegoodproductperformanceindifferentfields,andtheeffectsandenvironmentsaredifferent,andtheeffectswillbedifferent. Alargeflangegasketisaringmadeofamaterialthatisplasticallydeformedandhasacertainstrength.Mostofthegasketsarecutfromnon-metalplatesormadebyprofessionalfactoriesaccordingtothespecifiedsize.Thematerialsareasbestosrubbersheets,asbestossheets,polyethylenesheets,etc.;asbestosisalsousedforthinmetalsheets(whiteiron,stainlesssteel).Ametal-cladgasketmadeofanon-metallicmaterial;andawoundgasketwoundwithathinsteelstripandanasbestostape. Largeflangesareusedinhigh-voltageequipmentandpipes,andaremadeofcopper,aluminum,10gaugesteel,stainlesssteellensorothershapesofmetalgaskets.Thecontactwidthofthehigh-pressuregasketofthelargeflangeandthesealingsurfaceisverynarrow(linecontact),andthesealingsurfaceandthegaskethaveahighprocessingfinish. Largeflangeconnectionsaremainlyusedfortheconnectionofcastironpipes,rubber-linedpipes,non-ferrousmetalpipesandlargeflangevalves.Theconnectionbetweenprocessequipmentandlargeflangesisalsoconnectedbylargeflanges. Themainfeaturesofthelargeflangeconnectionareeasydisassembly,highstrengthandgoodsealingperformance.Wheninstallingalargeflange,twolargeflangesarerequiredtobeparallel,andthesealingsurfaceofthelargeflangecannotbescratchedandcleaned.Thegasketsusedforlargeflangesshallbeselectedaccordingtothedesignregulations. Largeflangeconnectionsareanimportantconnectionforpipelineconstruction. Largeflangesarethreaded(wired)largeflangesandweldedlargeflanges.Low-pressuresmall-diameterwire-bondedlargeflanges,high-pressureandlow-pressurelargediametersareallweldedlargeflanges.Thethicknessoflargeflangeswithdifferentpressuresandthediameterandnumberofconnectingboltsaredifferent.Accordingtodifferentgradesofpressure,large-scalemethodBluematsalsocomeinavarietyofmaterials,fromlow-pressureasbestosmats,high-pressureasbestosmatstometalmats.
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Largeflangeshavedifferentusevalues​​intheprocessofuse,withdifferenttypesofproductionefficiencyanduse.Differentflangematerialshavedifferentproductionandprocessingprocesses.Therefore,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheuseandprocessingoflargeflanges.Theyshouldbeusedaccordingtocertainproceduresandmethods. Largeflangescommonlyfoundinlargeflangesareflatweldedlargeflangesandbuttweldedlargeflanges.Flatweldinglargeflangeshavepoorrigidity,andtheapplicablerangeistheoccasionofpressurep≤4MPa;buttweldinglargeflanges,alsoknownashigh-necklargeflanges,arerelativelyrigidandsuitableforoccasionswithhighpressureandtemperature.Therearethreetypesoflargeflangesealingsurfaces:flatsealingsurface,suitableforoccasionswherepressureisnothighandmediumisnon-toxic;concaveandconvexsealingsurfaceissuitableforoccasionswithhigherpressure;groovesealingsurfaceissuitableforflammableandeasyExplosive,toxicmediaandhighpressureoccasions.Large-scaleflangedpipefittingsofdifferentpropertieshavegoodproductperformanceindifferentfields,andtheeffectsandenvironmentsaredifferent,andtheeffectswillbedifferent. Alargeflangegasketisaringmadeofamaterialthatisplasticallydeformedandhasacertainstrength.Mostofthegasketsarecutfromnon-metalplatesormadebyprofessionalfactoriesaccordingtothespecifiedsize.Thematerialsareasbestosrubbersheets,asbestossheets,polyethylenesheets,etc.;asbestosisalsousedforthinmetalsheets(whiteiron,stainlesssteel).Ametal-cladgasketmadeofanon-metallicmaterial;andawoundgasketwoundwithathinsteelstripandanasbestostape. Largeflangesareusedinhigh-voltageequipmentandpipes,andaremadeofcopper,aluminum,10gaugesteel,stainlesssteellensorothershapesofmetalgaskets.Thecontactwidthofthehigh-pressuregasketofthelargeflangeandthesealingsurfaceisverynarrow(linecontact),andthesealingsurfaceandthegaskethaveahighprocessingfinish. Largeflangeconnectionsaremainlyusedfortheconnectionofcastironpipes,rubber-linedpipes,non-ferrousmetalpipesandlargeflangevalves.Theconnectionbetweenprocessequipmentandlargeflangesisalsoconnectedbylargeflanges. Themainfeaturesofthelargeflangeconnectionareeasydisassembly,highstrengthandgoodsealingperformance.Wheninstallingalargeflange,twolargeflangesarerequiredtobeparallel,andthesealingsurfaceofthelargeflangecannotbescratchedandcleaned.Thegasketsusedforlargeflangesshallbeselectedaccordingtothedesignregulations. Largeflangeconnectionsareanimportantconnectionforpipelineconstruction. Largeflangesarethreaded(wired)largeflangesandweldedlargeflanges.Low-pressuresmall-diameterwire-bondedlargeflanges,high-pressureandlow-pressurelargediametersareallweldedlargeflanges.Thethicknessoflargeflangeswithdifferentpressuresandthediameterandnumberofconnectingboltsaredifferent.Accordingtodifferentgradesofpressure,large-scalemethodBluematsalsocomeinavarietyofmaterials,fromlow-pressureasbestosmats,high-pressureasbestosmatstometalmats.
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